How to Connect a Solenoid with Arduino

Introduction

In this tutorial we will see how to connect a Solenoid to an Arduino, you will also find a programming code for your first tests. Solenoids are electromechanical devices that, like DC motors, transform electrical energy into mechanical energy, only in this case, the mechanical energy is in the form of linear mechanical force. When it is powered by applying a potential difference, the current that circulates through the winding generates a magnetic field that moves the plunger. When it stops being powered and the magnetic field disappears, the plunger returns to its rest position with the help of a mechanical spring.

To control a solenoid with a digital signal (Arduino digital pin) we require a power stage, that is, an electronic circuit that is capable of enabling or disabling the solenoid’s power supply in response to a digital control signal. Regularly this power stage can be implemented with a transistor and a diode, selected according to the specifications of the Supply Voltage and Maximum Current of our device.

In this example, we will use a 12V one that consumes 1A maximum and for the power stage a TIP120 with a 1N4001 Diode. It is recommended to use this circuit for other solenoids, as long as a maximum of 24V is used and it does not consume more than 3A.

With all of the above, we can say that the solenoid with its power stage is a digital output component, that is, its operation consists of exerting a linear force when a high voltage is received in the control signal.

Hardware Required

You will require the following Hardware Components for interfacing a Solenoid with Arduino.

What is a Solenoid?

A solenoid is an electromagnetic device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It consists of a coil of wire wrapped around a metal core, which generates a magnetic field when an electric current passes through it. This magnetic field causes the metal core to move and generate mechanical force.

Solenoids are used in a wide range of applications, such as door locks, valves, and robotics. They are often used to control the flow of fluids or gases in a system, as well as to create motion in mechanical devices.

Pinout

Pin Configuration

Circuit Diagram

The following circuit shows you, How to Connect a Solenoid with Arduino Please make the connection carefully

Installing Arduino IDE Software

First, you will require to Download the updated version of Arduino IDE Software and Install it on your PC or laptop. if you Learn How to install the Arduino step-by-step guide then click on how to install Arduino Button given Blow

Code

We load the code and see how we can control the angular position of the motor shaft with the potentiometer.

//For more Projects: www.arduinocircuit.com

int pinSolenoid = 8; //Constant that contains the pin number to which we connect the signal

void setup() {
  pinMode(pinSolenoid, OUTPUT); //Configure the solenoid pin as an output
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(pinSolenoid, HIGH);
  delay(1000);
  digitalWrite(pinSolenoid, LOW);
  delay(1000);
}

Applications

1. Locking Mechanisms: Solenoids can be used to create locking mechanisms for doors, safes, and other secure areas. When the solenoid is energized, it creates a magnetic field that locks or unlocks the door.
2. Industrial Automation: Solenoids are commonly used in industrial automation to control valves, switches, and other mechanical components. They can be used to remotely control equipment in hazardous or hard-to-reach locations.
3. Automotive Industry: Solenoids are used extensively in the automotive industry for a variety of applications, including starting systems, fuel injectors, and transmission control.
4. Medical Equipment: Solenoids are used in various types of medical equipment, including MRI machines, CT scanners, and automated pill dispensers. They can also be used in robotic surgical instruments.
5. Robotics: Solenoids can be used in robotics for a variety of applications, including gripping mechanisms, actuating limbs, and controlling movement.

Conclusion

Solenoids are versatile components that have a wide range of applications in various industries. Their ability to create linear motion through the conversion of electrical energy into magnetic energy makes them useful for controlling mechanical components remotely. Solenoids are reliable and efficient, with a long lifespan and low maintenance requirements. As technology continues to advance, solenoids will undoubtedly continue to find new